jaume plensa crown fountain
[31] Originally, Plensa had planned to have each face appear for 13 minutes,[18] and this continued to be the targeted duration when the testing of the sculpture occurred. [18] Of the original 1,051 subjects filmed, 960 videos were determined to be usable for the project. [37], The glass was custom-made at a factory in Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, and shipped to the structural glass panel manufacturer in Melbourne, Florida. [63] The city said the cameras, similar to those used throughout the city at high-crime areas and traffic intersections, were intended to remain on the towers for several months until permanent, less intrusive replacements were secured. [70] The fountain is praised for its technical features by industry magazines and has won various awards. Plensa has worked with a large team of very dedicated and talented individuals to realize his vision in the kind of collaboration that can be both harrowing and highly rewarding for an artist. [68] Frommer's describes the fountain as public art at its best. Dissenyada per l'artista espanyol Jaume Plensa i creada per Krueck and Sexton Architects, l'obra va ser mostrada en públic per primera vegada al juliol de 2004. [61] As a result, the city has what are termed the Montgomery Ward height restrictions on buildings and structures in Grant Park. Wählen Sie aus erstklassigen Inhalten zum Thema Jaume Plensa Crown Fountain in höchster Qualität. [2][35], The structure for the blocks was a challenge. However, Crown Fountain and Jay Pritzker Pavilion, which stands 139 feet (42 m) tall, were exempt from the height restriction because they were classified as works of art and not buildings or structures. [26], Plensa feels that the challenge in the creation of successful work of public art is to integrate the viewer into an interactive relationship with the art. Each block is 5 by 10 by 2 inches (127 by 254 by 51 mm) with glass thin enough to avoid image distortion. As a result, no more than 12 faces appear per hour during the summer. Even the benches that face each other from opposite sides of the fountain exist in order to further underline the concepts of communication and duality and their material, wood, helps to express the idea of the integral connection between nature and man through the subtlety of touch when people are seated. Group Exhibitions Rods measuring 0.5 inches (13 mm) in diameter anchor to the structure and project into the frame for lateral stability, while triangular corner brackets add support. [35], The fountains use over one million LEDs. Hard drives contain all the individual electronic computer files of the face videos. [25] Then, there is a subsequent segment, where the mouth is puckering, that is stretched to 15 seconds. [16], The Crowns were open-minded about the choice of artist; wanting a modern work, they solicited proposals from a list of prospective artists and architects. Designed by Spanish artist Jaume Plensa and executed by Krueck and Sexton Architects, it opened in July 2004. The electronics were designed to be adaptable to the time of day, weather and season and to meet the desired century-long longevity and dependability objectives set by the design team in response to the thirty-year directive. Plensa, who maintained control of the video faces for the first two years of the fountain's operation, understands that future generations may wish to update the faces used in the rotation of videos to reflect changes in humanity going forward. At the time there were plans to replace LED lighting with incandescent bulbs on each of the non-video display surfaces and to replace the video surface LEDs. On each block, one of the six faces is polished, and the other five surfaces are textured. Choisissez parmi des contenus premium Jaume Plensa Crown Fountain de la plus haute qualité. Some of the principal members of the professional team working on the Crown Fountain are U.S. Equities, project managers, Krueck & Sexton Architects, Halvorson & Kaye, structural engineer, ESD, mechanical engineer, Crystal Fountains, water engineering technology, Schuler & Shook, lighting. einem öffentlichen Brunnen befindliche Kunst- und Video-Skulptur contemporary". [3][9], Construction of the video sculpture was completed for testing without the fountain's water features on May 18, 2004. [8] Because of the colder winters common to the climate of Chicago, Plensa created a fountain that would remain vibrant when the water was inactive in the wintertime, so the fountain is an experience of light themes and the use of video technology. Why not still? Conçue et réalisée par l'artiste catalan Jaume Plensa, elle a été inaugurée en juillet 2004 . "Chicago's stunning Crown Fountain uses LED lights and displays", "Crown Fountain—***1/2*—Monroe Drive and Michigan Avenue—Jaume Plensa, Barcelona with Krueck & Sexton Architects, Chicago", "Walking on the water—Artist Jaume Plensa reinvents the fountain for the 21st century", "Chicago's architectural razzmatazz: New or old, skyscrapers reflect city's brash and playful character", "Nation Sweats as Heat Hits Triple Digits", "City to finally open its new front yard—Millennium Park's price tag tripled", "In a fight over Grant Park, Chicago's mayor faces a small revolt", "Tallest Buildings in the United States1", Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, "Making Faces—How the Millennium Park fountain designers employed a dentist chair, Sony HDW-F900 and hundreds of curious Chicagoans to pull off this artistic and technological marvel", "Have you seen this face? When deciding upon an artist to tackle these questions, there was a desire to the both visionary and to also acknowledge the rich historical context. Furthering this sensation are images of nature interspersed among the faces of people. The Crown Fountain in Chicago's Millenium Park, designed by Spanish artist Jaume Plensa, The fountain consists of two 50-foot glass block towers at each end of a shallow reflecting pool. Crown Fountain. [25], The spouting water from the faces of the towers appears to be flowing from the displayed subject's mouth from a 6-inch (150 mm) nozzle located in the center of each interior face 12 feet (3.7 m) above the reflecting pool. [7][10][27][28] This interactivity was to some degree accidental. Lectures/Courses, Books Fins were added to the screens to keep direct sunlight from hitting the LEDs. If all the faces were shown consecutively, instead of randomly, they would each appear about once every eight days. [36] The process used sand and soda ash heated to a temperature of 2,600 °F (1,430 °C) and "gathered" with a large clay ball resembling a honey dipper. [38] The individual grids are 5 feet (1.5 m) tall and either 16 feet (4.9 m) or 23 feet (7.0 m) wide with cell capacity of an average of 250 blocks. [69] The beauty of the fountain is, as the San Francisco Chronicle explains, that it is high-concept art for all to enjoy. [31] The initial proposed cost for the fountain had been $15 million. [3][71] The project won the 2006 Bombay Sapphire prize for its design work with glass. [39] The pavers had to be perfectly leveled for the water to work correctly because the fountain incorporates numerous sensors to regulate the flow and level of the water. [23] Since water is the focus of a fountain, and since Chicago, and especially Millennium Park, is so greatly affected by the nearby waterfront, Plensa sought to create an eternal water work to complement the local natural inspirations. The Crown Fountain. However, the fountain has survived its contentious beginnings to find its way into Chicago pop culture. [20], Prior to Crown Fountain, Plensa's dominant theme had been dualism,[21] which he had expanded to artworks in which the viewers are outside, and the visible subjects of the art are inside containers and hollow spaces. [1][2] The fountain is composed of a black granite reflecting pool placed between a pair of glass brick towers. [2][33] The Goodman family, known for funding the Goodman Theatre, was also a large contributor;[3] the entire $17 million cost was provided by private donations. [38], The fountain uses 11,000 imperial gallons (50,000 L) per hour, 97% of which is recycled back into the system. This is followed by a section, in which the water appears to spout from the open mouth, that is stretched to last for 30 seconds. ... Crown Fountain, Jaume Plensa. [12][58][59][60] Aaron Montgomery Ward twice sued the city of Chicago in the 1890s to force it to remove buildings and structures from Grant Park, and to keep it from building new ones. Avant même sa construction, certaines personnes se plaignaient et craignaient déjà que la hauteur de la sculpture viole la tradition esthétique du parc. Resume: The Crown Fountain, designed by Spanish artist Jaume Plensa, is an extremely unique tribute to the people of Chicago. The SAIC students filmed their subjects with a $100,000 high-definition HDW-F900 video camera, the same model used in the production of the three Star Wars prequels. While some of the videos displayed are of scenery, most attention has focused on its video clips of local residents. Literatur [65] Public reaction was negative, as bloggers and the artistic community decried the cameras on the towers as inappropriate and a blight. The challenge was solved by combining a T-bar grid to absorb weight with about 150 "outriggers", or "tiebacks", inserted through the video wall to support the glass blocks and absorb wind loads. Public Space [9] As of 2007, Millennium Park trails only Navy Pier as a Chicago tourist attraction. There is no question that the Crown and Goodman families, whose initial vision and ongoing generosity are the reason for the project as they set the tone for an unusual and groundbreaking effort to address the meaning of a public space in the 21st century. At first, the design team had considered switching to plastic blocks, until the team found Circle Redmont Inc., a prefabricated glass panel company in Melbourne, Florida which specializes in structural glass panel systems. Jodidio considers the work to be a modernization of the gargoyle theme, and feels that the scale of the enlarged faces humanize the work and challenges the architecture. Articles [51], Crown Fountain, Trevi Fountain, and Buckingham Fountain, as well as natural water features such as Old Faithful, are examples of the ability of water to attract people and hold their attention. [2][45] Crown Fountain's design not only included interior access for technical repairs, but also incorporated exemplary, non-discriminatory, barrier-free accessibility, because its interactivity is not limited to the able-bodied. Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 19 jul 2020 om 17:21. [15], In December 1999, Lester Crown and his family agreed to sponsor a water feature in Millennium Park. Both the fountain and Millennium Park are highly accessible because of their universal design. Spanish sculptor Jaume Plensa (Barcelona 1955) was chosen because his work is principally focused on the human experience of standing in between, so-to-speak, between past and present, present and future, knowledge and ignorance, heaven and hell. The heat generated is handled by fans that cool the air at the bottom, that then works its way through the chimney-like tower. Plensa focused on the philosophical meanings associated with fountains, their history, use and art. It is a popular subject for photographers and a common gathering place. The finished work begins it own cycle, and just like another memory it becomes linked to the vaster memory, in which no chronology makes sense. Circle Redmont came up with the plan of turning grates on their sides to be used as building elements. [18] Since there is no tripod designed for cameras turned on their sides,[30] an adjustable barber/dentist's chair was used to minimize the need for the movement of the state-of-the-art camera during filming. [24] Maintenance issues for the fountain range from kids removing the adhesive between the bricks to pipes in need of maintenance. Jaume Plensa est un sculpteur et graveur contemporain espagnol de [3] As a video sculpture with a variety of cascade and water spout fountain modes, the sculpture is a fluid, dynamic evolving artwork. Plensa was born in Barcelona, Catalonia and studied art there, in the "Llotja" School and in the Escola Superior de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi. The fountain is composed of a black granite reflecting pool placed between a pair of glass brick towers. [17] His presentation included computer animation of facial expressions. [40] The inner surface of each tower uses 147 smaller screens with a total of 264,480 LED points (each with two red, one blue and two green LEDs). Designed by Spanish artist Jaume Plensa, the Crown Fountain in Millennium Park is a major addition to the city's world-renowned public art collection. [25] The artist intends to portray the sociocultural evolution of the city by updating the collection of images. [51] Typically, the fountain's water features function between mid-spring and mid-fall, but the images remain on the screen year-round. La Crown Fountain est une œuvre d'art urbain interactive et une sculpture numérique implantée au milieu du Millennium Park dans le secteur communautaire du Loop à Chicago (Illinois, États-Unis). Recent [3] The LED structure is not supported as a single wall (which would be 50 feet (15 m) high), but rather as several segments that are noticeable as visible horizontal bands every few feet: these show where the LED equipment is supported. 2004 youtu.be/x8qXjXJ8WRo . Public Art Program > Crown Fountain. Plensa's works include the Crown Fountain at Millennium Park in Chicago, Illinois, which opened in July 2004. [29] Now, when the National Weather Service issues summer heat advisories and the Governor of Illinois declares state office buildings as official daytime cooling centers, the national press points to Crown Fountain as a respite for inhabitants of the Chicago metropolitan area. The Crown Fountain in Millennium Park is a gift to the people of Chicago by the Crown family. La Fuente Crown es una obra interactiva de arte público y vídeoescultura radicada en el parque del Milenio de Chicago, localizado en el área comunitaria conocida como The Loop. The towers are 50 feet (15.2 m) tall,[1] and they use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to display digital videos on their inward faces. The artist was inspired by historic fountains … [41] The physical demands of LED screens, in particular the red, green, and blue long-life light bulbs and the requisite circuitry, created three major challenges: supporting the physical structure, combating heat buildup, and optimizing perceptibility of the display. Map of Works Awards One Chicago Tribune critic was not impressed with JumboTron-like art, although he conceded the participatory element reminded him in a positive way of the jungle gym element of the Chicago Picasso. Perceptibility was determined to be optimal with LED lights 2 inches (51 mm) behind the glass. [47], The fountain is featured on the cover of Philip Jodidio's 2005 book, Architecture: Art. [30] The subjects were chosen from local schools, churches and community groups, and filming began in 2001 at the downtown campus of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC). [1] It displays videos on two LED screens, each encapsulated in a glass brick tower measuring 50 by 23 by 16 feet (15.2 by 7.0 by 4.9 m). La Crown Fountain a sans aucun doute été la plus controversée des œuvres exposées au Millennium Park. Plensa was immediately captivated by the chance to co-opt an ancient, historical symbol, a fountain, a meeting place where once people came to obtain water, the substance of life, exchanged ideas, learned of each other's accomplishments, consoled one another in their losses and celebrated their common humanity. [10], Approximately 75 ethnic, social, and religious Chicago organizations were asked to provide candidates whose faces would be photographed for integration into the fountain. [25][18] The video pattern also includes a three-minute water scene every half-hour and a 30-second fade-to-black every 15 minutes. Crown Fountain is an interactive work of public art and video sculpture featured in Chicago's Millennium Park, which is located in the Loop community area. The Barcelona artist Jaume Plensa is best-known for his spectacular Crown Fountain in Millennium Park, Chicago. Plensa’s most influential work in this sense is probably his Crown Fountain, unveiled at Chicago’s Millennium park in 2004. Both the fountain and Millennium Park are highly accessible because of their universal design.[9]. [3] The water operates from May to October,[4] intermittently cascading down the two towers and spouting through a nozzle on each tower's front face. [30] Faculty from Columbia College Chicago was also involved in the production of the video. Crown Fountain is an interactive work of public art and video sculpture featured in Chicago's Millennium Park, which is located in the Loop community area. Latest works of the artist. [20] The high-definition equipment was used because of the scale of the project. [42] Color Kinetics (now part of Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, which is now called Philips Color Kinetics)[43] ColorBlast 12 LEDs fixtures are used to illuminate the tower structures and glass in an attempt to meet Plensa's objective that the towers have a light and translucent appearance, with their internal structures reflecting light from behind the glass surface. [2] Two essential custom fittings contribute to the artistic vision of the fountain: a custom glass block at the upper edge for guiding the water's descent while remaining unobtrusive, and a plastic nozzle fitted to the stainless steel frame to control the rate of water flow and reduce liability to the city for any injuries sustained by the fountain's interactive participants. Définition et Explications - La Crown Fountain est une œuvre d'art urbain interactive et une sculpture numérique implantée au milieu du Millennium Park dans le secteur communautaire du Loop à Chicago (Illinois, États-Unis). Construction and design of the Crown Fountain cost $17 million. The filtered air inside the towers helps minimize the need for cleaning. The force of the water accounts for the entire range of possible interactive visitors. [57] Grant Park has been protected since 1836 by "forever open, clear and free" legislation that has been affirmed by four previous Illinois Supreme Court rulings. [50] As of 2014[update], annual upkeep costs were approximately $400,000. It made Plensa a household name in the city. These other Chicago fountains are traditional in that they discourage viewer touching; Buckingham Fountain is surrounded by a fence, and Taft's fountains are surrounded by moats. [18], Plensa's design of Crown Fountain was unveiled to the public on July 16–18, during the 2004 grand opening celebrations for Millennium Park. Dual pump rooms below each tower draw water from a reservoir beneath the reflecting pool. [10] The risk that the spouting water would knock people down made the design both a legal and a physical challenge. As in nature, in this fountain water falls down, but does not shoot up and the sound of water falling is magnetic. Crown Fountain (2004), een sculptuur/video-installatie/fontein bestaande uit twee 15 meter hoge torens van glazen bouwstenen met led-videoschermen ... Zie de categorie Jaume Plensa van Wikimedia Commons voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp. Plensa provides this opportunity through the very thin layer of water that covers the plaza area between and surrounding the towers. Finden Sie perfekte Stock-Fotos zum Thema Jaume Plensa Crown Fountain sowie redaktionelle Newsbilder von Getty Images. The waterfall and the spout are popular attractions. Jaume Plensa, the Spanish sculptor responsible for Millennium Park's Crown Fountain, has a new gallery show, "Nocturne", at Gray Warehouse in Chicago, Tuesday, December 8, 2020. Purchased through a $52 million Department of Homeland Security grant to the Chicago area, the cameras were part of a surveillance system augmenting eight other cameras covering all of Millennium Park. [10], Grant Park, which is between Lake Michigan and the central business district, is commonly called "Chicago's Front Yard". [50] In 2014, an additional 1000 faces were anticipated for 2016. [3] LEDs fit into an electrical circuit, causing illumination by the movement of electrons in the semiconductor material and making a filament unnecessary, so the bulbs never burn out and do not get too hot. [7] The Financial Times refers to the fountain as a "techno-fountain". [25][18] Nonetheless, in some case, digital manipulation was necessary to properly simulate puckering in the exact proper location on the video. How is it relevant to the people who will see it? [citation needed]Works. Both the playback equipment and the final videos had to be further adjusted to account for sunlight during viewing. Using low- rather than high-resolution images was both less expensive and created a better display for the average viewer. [1] His representation has become a part of the city's pop culture; the first few episodes of the first season of Prison Break featured shots of the fountain. These dualities are both formal, as in the vertical of the towers and horizontality of the granite plaza surrounding them, the hardness of the stone and the softness of the water, and they are also conceptual. Crown Fountain has been one of the most controversial of all the Millennium Park features. About 1,000 faces of Chicagoans are shown in a random rotation,[2] the order determined using a Barco show controller. Monographic Catalogs [25] Originally, the set of images was presumed to be the beginning of a work in progress, but as of 2009 no additional videos are planned. Sombras y textos. Although consideration was given to omitting a LED tile, it was determined that the images would then look as though they were each missing a tooth. Plensa supported their removal. Select from premium Jaume Plensa Crown Fountain of the highest quality. [65] The Chicago Tribune quickly published an article concerning the cameras as well as the public reaction, and the cameras were removed the next day. Jaume Plensa. [39] The pavers were rested on screw jack pedestals in order to be leveled and shimmed. [8] His presentation to the Crown family started with a slide show of fountains from the Middle Ages through the 20th century. Solo Exhibitions Projects in public space Designed by Jaume Plensa and built by Krueck + Sexton Architects, Crown Fountain uses numerous design elements including water, light, and glass to create a unique meeting point and reflection space. [39] Getting the water to the spout took ingenuity. [39], During construction the underground parking garage remained open. La fontana è composta da uno specchio d'acqua in granito nero posto tra due torri in vetrocemento. [3] At night, the ETC system controls spotlights that illuminate the cascading water and that are dimmed by special wet-use location ground fault circuit interrupters. [30], Each face appears on the sculpture for a total of 5 minutes using various parts of individual 80-second videos. The two glass towers of the fountain may be the first indication that dualities, elements engaged in a constantly evolving dialogue, are at the heart of experience Plensa seeks to create. Time is the substance of my work. The fountain is composed of a black granite reflecting pool placed between a pair of glass brick towers. [2] The water regularly spills over the fountain and down the sides of the towers and intermittently spouts from the nozzle. [30], To achieve the effect in which water appears to be flowing from subjects' mouths, each video has a segment where the subject's lips are puckered, which is then timed to correspond to the spouting water, reminiscent of gargoyle fountains. [5][6][7] It highlights Plensa's themes of dualism, light, and water, extending the use of video technology from his prior works. [54] When the videos are not on the front of the tower, water cascades down each of the facades. Jaume Plensa. [64] City officials had consulted the architects who collaborated with Plensa on the tower designs, but Plensa himself had not been notified. [1] The firm designed a special stainless steel T-frame both to bear the load of the walls, which are 50 feet (15 m) high, and to withstand lateral wind forces. Although the city planned for some interactivity, the transformation of the fountain into a water park for kids within hours of opening surprised Plensa. [31] Eventually, professors at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago convinced him to use only five-minute videos. supposed to impact the lives of people from all walks of life. [18] A 40-second section is played at one-third speed forward and backward, running for a total of 4 minutes. Jaume Plensa est né en 1955 à Barcelone, où il a étudié à l’école de la Llotja, École supérieure de design et d'art, et à l’Ecole des Beaux-Arts de Sant Jordi. [17] Some of his early ideas for the project referenced Buckingham Fountain, but these were soon abandoned. Opera and Theater, Short Biography [32] The park is open to the public daily from 6 a.m. to 11 p.m.[53], Each tower is illuminated from within on three sides by approximately 70 color-changing Color Kinetics LED lighting fixtures per tower, while the fourth side features opposing Barco LED display screens. Before it was even built, some were concerned that the sculpture's height violated the aesthetic tradition of the park. The ability to truly walk on water is also among the thrilling elements of the design. The towers are 50 feet (15.2 m) tall, and they use light-emitting diodes(LEDs) to display digital videos on their inward faces. There are 12 mechanical pumps that are regulated from a control room in the underground parking garage beneath the south tower of the fountain. [37] Over the course of four months of production,[38] about 350 blocks were produced per day. La Crown Fountain è un'opera interattiva pubblica situata all'interno del Millennium Park di Chicago, che si trova nel quartiere di Chicago Loop.Progettata dall'artista spagnolo Jaume Plensa e realizzata da Krueck and Sexton Architects, la fontana è stata inaugurata nel luglio 2004. It was funded by the same family money that divided the city (by culture) at the turn of the last century..creating highways that separated the Irish from the Italian for example." [41][55] The water in the reflecting pool has a depth of about 0.33 millimetres (0.013 in). [18] Because the image proportions were like a movie screen with a width far exceeding its height, the camera was turned on its side during filming. [18][31] About 20 SAIC students took part in what became an informal master's course in public art for the project. [40] The outer Color Kinetics surfaces randomly display the translucent glow of one of eight colors along with each of the inner opposing faces. Commissioned by: The Public Art Program, Department of Cultural Affairs, City of Chicago, 2000, Glass, stainless steel, LED screens, light, wood, black granite and water, 2 towers of 16 meter high upon a water sheet of 70 x 14 meter in a total surface of 2.200 m2. The panels were then shipped by truck to Chicago. Rather than use a standard plunger to ensure the glass that sagged off the rod spread to the corners of the mold, they relied on gravity. Smith Glass, glass block fabricator. The two fifty-foot-high illuminated glass towers of Plensa's monumental Crown Fountain are united by a black granite skin pool measuring 232 feet long by 48 feet wide but only 1/8 inch deep. The fountain is a public play area and offers people an escape from summer heat, allowing children to frolic in the fountain's water. Depuis 1980, année de sa première exposition à Barcelone, il a vécu et travaillé à Berlin, à Bruxelles, en Angleterre, en France et aux Etats-Unis. [56], Crown Fountain, Millenium Park, Chicago Daytime photo, Crown Fountain, Millennium Park night photo, Crown Fountain, Millennium Park, Chicago, Illinois, Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}41°52′53.34″N 87°37′25.44″W / 41.8814833°N 87.6237333°W / 41.8814833; -87.6237333, Interactive work of public art in Chicago, USA. Shen, Milson & Wilke, screen technology, School of the Art Institute of Chicago, image content production, W.E. [64][65] The city said that the cameras were largely for security reasons, but also partly to help park officials monitor burnt-out lights. Galaxia Gutenberg - Circulo de Lectores, Barcelona 2008. Finally, there is a smile after the completion of the water spouting from the mouth, that is slowed to extend for 15 seconds. This design allows for the removal of individual glass blocks for cleaning or repair without disruption to the display. [Nota 1] Diseñada por el artista español Jaume Plensa y creada por Krueck and Sexton Architects, la obra fue mostrada en público por primera vez en julio de 2004. The towers are an integral part of the skyline that have achieved rare permanence for contemporary art. [13] Millennium Park was conceived in 1998 as the capstone of Grant Park, to celebrate the new millennium and to feature world-renowned architects, artists, designers, landscape architects, and urban planners. [22] In his public art, Plensa challenged himself to involve the viewer with his art, which led to his conception of the Crown Fountain.
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