west bank wall facts
"JR's Face2Face project. From 1950 until it was occupied by Israel in the Six-Day War of 1967, the West Bank was governed as part of Jordan, though it was divided from the Jordanian population of the East Bank by the Jordan River. The relationship between the East and West banks was uneasy, both because of Palestinian suspicions of the Hashemite dynasty and because of the aspirations of Palestinians in the West Bank for a separate state. Omissions? Right now, the area is under the control of Israel.Some Israelis and other nations disagree on whose it really is. He said that Israel has proven its desire to reach an accommodation with the Palestinians while granting political rights to its own Arab citizens within a liberal democratic system, but that the Palestinians remain committed to Israel's destruction. On June 30, 2004, the Supreme Court of Israel ruled that a portion of the barrier west of Jerusalem violated the rights of Palestinians, and ordered 30 km (19 mi) of existing and planned barrier to be rerouted. By 2000 the Palestinian Authority (PA) controlled less than one-fifth of the West Bank, while Israeli occupation (in some areas, combined with PA local administration) continued in the remainder. Binyamin Region is an area in the West Bank home to 72,000 Israeli settlers. "[136], In 2003, when the Bush administration was considering reducing loan guarantees to Israel to discourage construction of the fence, then Secretary of State Colin Powell criticized the project. Abbas appointed Salam Fayyad prime minister of the emergency cabinet. [34] It also put the large settlement Maale Adumim and the Gush Etzion bloc on the Israeli side of the barrier, effectively annexing them. Id. It opposes the barrier and the expropriations and the demolition of houses and economic infrastructure preceding its construction. One 8 meter-high concrete section of this wall follows the Green Line between the city and the nearby Trans-Israel Highway. More broadly, Palestinian spokespersons, supported by many in the Israeli left wing and other organizations, say that the hardships imposed by the barrier will breed further discontent amongst the affected population and add to the security problem rather than solving it. Despite the ICJ ruling that the wall beyond the Green Line is illegal, Ariel Sharon reiterated on September 8, 2004, that the large settlement blocs of Ariel, Ma'aleh Adumim and Gush Etzion will be on the Israeli side of the Barrier. While acknowledging Israel's serious security concerns and asserting that the construction of the barrier on its own territory would not have been a violation of international law, the statement called on "member Churches, Ecumenical Councils of Churches, Christian World Communions and specialized ministries of churches to condemn the wall as an act of unlawful annexation. There has to be a clear border. "This is against the terrorists. "It does not resemble a wall in any way. Arieli found the fence to be justified due to legitimate concerns of Palestinian terrorism and violence, but was critical of the then-government's alleged negligence of completing the fence due to budgetary and political considerations. The Court asserted that "the construction of the wall, and its associated régime, are contrary to international law. The West Bank Wall is a made up of a series of razor wire fences and cement walls that encircle the Gaza strip. Before, the exact route of the barrier had not been determined, and it had been alleged by opponents that the barrier route would encircle the Samarian highlands of the West Bank, separating them from the Jordan valley. Relatively well-watered nonirrigated terrain in the hills (especially those of Samaria) is used for the grazing of sheep and the cultivation of cereals, olives, and fruits such as melons. In a 2005 report, the United Nations stated that: ... it is difficult to overstate the humanitarian impact of the Barrier. This is the background behind the decision to construct the separation fence (Id., at p. [184][185][186] One of the organizers of "Send a message", Justus van Oel, a Dutch theater director, commissioned South African anti-apartheid activist and theologian Farid Esack to compose a letter to be placed on the wall in 2009. 9. Israel began building its separation wall in the occupied West Bank in June 2002, claiming that it was necessary for security. [110], In December 2003, Resolution ES-10/14 was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in an emergency special session. Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory", "Resolution ES-10/15. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The West Bank Wall: What Life Is Like For Palestinians And Israelis Divided By The Barrier. The project spanned over eight cities on both sides of the wall such as Bethlehem, Jericho, Ramallah and Jerusalem. "[111], The court concluded that the barrier violated international law. [187][188], The barrier is also the subject of the 2011 documentary film, 5 Broken Cameras, which documents the story of Emad Burnat, a Palestinian farmer of the Palestinian village of Bil'in, who had intended to use his videocamera to record vignettes of his son's childhood but ended up filming the resistance movement to the Israeli separation wall that was erected through his village. [192], In February 2004 The Guardian reported that Yemeni opposition newspapers likened the barrier Saudi Arabia was building to the Israeli West Bank barrier,[193] while The Independent headed an article with "Saudi Arabia, one of the most vocal critics in the Arab world of Israel's "security fence" in the West Bank, is quietly emulating the Israeli example by erecting a barrier along its porous border with Yemen". Israel and other members of the international community moved to aid the West Bank, offering shows of economic and diplomatic support for Abbas and Fatah while blockading the Gaza Strip. The width of the plaza in front of it is 4.2 meters. (Since 1994, the Gaza Strip has been surrounded by an Israeli wall that cuts off the 1.8 million Palestinians living there … It is very difficult to develop confidence between the Palestinians and Israel with a wall snaking through the West Bank. The harm to the farming sector is liable to have drastic economic effects on the residents – whose economic situation is already very difficult – and drive many families into poverty. All attacks were intercepted or the suicide bombers detonated prematurely. However, in the case of the Israeli fence, we are concerned when the fence crosses over onto the land of others. On September 15, 2005, the Supreme Court of Israel ordered the Israeli government to alter the route of the barrier to ensure that negative impacts on Palestinians would be minimized and proportional. [48] On 20 July 2004, the UN General Assembly accepted Resolution ES-10/15 condemning the barrier with 150 countries voting for the resolution and 10 abstaining. [88], Israel has built a barrier in the Jordan Valley near the Jordanian border. [6] Terrorist attacks declined in 2007[6] and 2008[66] Geographically, the West Bank is mostly composed of north-south–oriented limestone hills (conventionally called the Samarian Hills north of Jerusalem and the Judaean Hills south of Jerusalem) having an average height of 2,300 to 3,000 feet (700 to 900 metres). [162] He describes the barrier as "the ultimate activity holiday destination for graffiti writers", and returned in December 2007 with new images for "Santa's ghetto" in Bethlehem. [116], Some Israelis oppose the barrier. In 1988 Jordan’s King Ḥussein renounced all administrative responsibility for the West Bank, thereby severing his country’s remaining connections with the area. "[76] President Bush reiterated this position during a May 26, 2005 joint press conference with Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas in the Rose Garden. Throughout the 1970s and ’80s the issue of Israeli rule over the West Bank Palestinians remained unresolved. The size of this settlement justifies the use of the term town and suggests a … 7957/04: International Legality of the Security Fence and Sections near Alfei Menashe", "Palestinians: Israel hands out land confiscation notices", "Preliminary analysis reveals that the planned route to complete the Barrier will have severe humanitarian consequences for hundreds of thousands of Palestinians in the West Bank", "Gilboa towns build DIY separation fence", Map of the West Bank Barrier Update – Overview of changes to the route, Israel to re-authorize security barrier route near West Bank historical site, West Bank Battir barrier off the table for now, 'Israeli Tactics Thwart Attacks, With Trade-Off,', "Stats Show Anti-Terrorism Fence Highly Effective", "Anti-Israeli Terrorism in 2007 and its Trends in 2008: Overview", "2010 Annual Summary – Data and Trends in Terrorism", "Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Israel Intelligence Heritage & Commemoration Center (IICC)", "Shin Bet: Palestinian truce main cause for reduced terror", "Editorial comments – "West Bank barrier decreases access to schools and health services, "West Bank barrier decreases access to schools and health services", "Letter dated 25 October 2004 from the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General", "Israeli Arabs credit fence for newfound prosperity", "Special Focus: Closure Count and Analysis", "The Impact of Israel's Separation Barrier on Affected West Bank Communities", "Israel Destroys Arabs´ Shops in West Bank", "MIFTAH - Bad Fences Make Bad Neighbors – Part V: Focus on Zayta", "Economic and Social Repercussions of the Israeli Occupation. In June 2004, in exchange for Finance Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's support Israel's planned withdrawal from Gaza, Prime Minister Sharon pledged to build an extension of the barrier to the east of the settlement Ariel to be completed before the finish of the withdrawal from the Gaza Strip. When the project was ended, it was claimed to have reached 550,000,000 people worldwide and placed 1,498 messages on the wall. By Christine Bednarz. [38] Most of the barrier[vague] was built at the northern and western edges of the West Bank, mostly beyond the Green Line and created 9 enclaves, which enclosed 15,783 ha (39,000 acres). [47], By 2003, 180 km (112 mi) had been completed and in 2004, Israel started the southern part of the barrier. [37][38] Another 124,000, on the other hand, will effectively be controlled and isolated. "[42][43][self-published source?] [111], "What are the legal consequences arising from the construction of the wall being built by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, as described in the report of the Secretary-General, considering the rules and principles of international law, including the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949, and relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions? Between 1967 and 1977 an estimated 6,300 Palestinians were evicted from East Jerusalem and replaced by Jewish immigrants, and many others lost their residency rights under the 1992–96 government of Benjamin Netanyahu. In the ensuing conflict—the first of the Arab-Israeli wars—Israel expanded beyond the territory contemplated by the partition plan. [42][43][self-published source? to 9 in 2010. The Court described the history of violence against Israeli citizens since the breakout of the Second Intifada and the loss of life that ensued on the Israeli side. Since the completion of the fence in the area of Tulkarm and Qalqilyah in June 2003, there have been no successful attacks from those areas. Through a series of political and social policies, Jordan sought…, Conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbours was renewed with the Six-Day War in 1967. Within its present boundaries, it represents the portion of the former mandate retained in 1948 by the Arab forces that entered Palestine after the departure of the British. Further changes were made to the route around Eshkolot and Metzadot Yehuda, and the route from Metzadot to Har Choled was approved. [181] JR's work, including "Face2Face" is currently shown at the Watari-Um Museum in Tokyo, Japan. info), jidar al-fasl al-'unsuri, indicating an allegation of Israeli apartheid. About 90–95% of the barrier will be constructed as a "multi-layered fence system"[27] with the Israeli Defense Forces' preferred design having three fences with pyramid-shaped stacks of barbed wire on the two outer fences and a lighter-weight fence with intrusion detection equipment in the middle; an anti-vehicle ditch; patrol roads on both sides; and a smooth strip of sand for "intrusion tracking". THE WALL The Wall’s construction started in 2002 to advance Israel’s annexation policies and to refine its apartheid regime over the Palestinian people. [108], In April 2003, B'Tselem stated that "Israel has made cynical use of security claims to justify grave human rights violations in the Occupied Territories...Among other things the determination of the route of the barrier was based on political considerations, the attempt to leave the settlements to the west of the barrier, and protection of access routes for religious sites – none of which are at all related to military considerations. This has led to considerable anxiety amongst Palestinians about how their future lives will be impacted. [124][125] They state that Palestinian institutions in Abu Dis will be prevented from providing services to residents in the East Jerusalem suburbs, and that a 10-minute walk has become a 3-hour drive in order to reach a gate, to go (if allowed) through a crowded military checkpoint, and drive back to the destination on the other side.[126]. Numerous analyses of 'the Wall', the (planned to be 750 km long) separation barrier built by the Israeli government in the West Bank (see, among others, Weizman, 2007;Peteet, 2017), … Published September 8, 2017 • 5 min read. [93] In 2013, Ehud Barak, Israeli Defense Minister at the time, proposed that Israel should consider unilateral disengagement from the West Bank and the dismantling of settlements beyond the separation barrier, but maintain a military presence in the Jordan Valley along the West Bank-Jordan border.[94]. The West Bank does not lie entirely within the drainage system of the Jordan River, as elevated areas in the west give rise to the headwaters of streams flowing westward to the Mediterranean Sea. "[144], In 2007, Senator Charles Schumer said: "As long as the Palestinians send terrorists onto school buses and to nightclubs to blow up people, Israel has no choice but to build the Security Wall. As with so many historical phenomena, it depends. [169][168] In an expression of frustration, Palestinian artist "Trash", glued the lower part of a leg on the wall that is appearing to kick through it. [30][46] Not until 14 April 2002, the Cabinet of Prime Minister Ariel Sharon decided to implement the plan and establish a permanent barrier in the Seam Area. [71], The barrier has many effects on Palestinians including reduced freedoms, reduction of the number of Israel Defense Forces checkpoints and road closures, loss of land, increased difficulty in accessing medical and educational services in Israel,[72][73] restricted access to water sources, and economic effects.[74]. Most international artists felt that they were creating "something for the people trapped behind wall, as well as creating an international symbol that would be broadcast around the world. [24][25][26] "Seam zone" (Hebrew: מרחב התפר) refers to the land between the 1949 Armistice Agreement Line and the fence. In some areas, approx. [129] A number of Palestinian protesters have been killed by the IDF while protesting. [91] Israeli settlement councils already have de facto control of 86 percent of the Jordan Valley and the Dead Sea[92] as the settler population steadily grows there.
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