meaning of hebron in the bible

They were the first group of American yeshivah bochurim to go learn in The name Kiriath-arba occurs ten times in the Bible, nine times in the construction "Hebron, formerly known as Kiriath-arba," or something to that extent.We hear first of Kiriath-arba as the place where Sarah died (Genesis 23:2). The Middle Bronze Age wall exposed on the south side is nearly 200 feet of continuous wall. Quotes available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. חֶבְרוֹן. Here are 131 verses related and 3 definitions to Hebron. 2: 1). 4:12, possibly the spring near Hebron). These are a common identification element for Jewish sites, since they cannot become impure according to the Jewish laws of vessel purity. [15] Avi Ofer. Hebron was (and still is) the foremost city in the Judean hill country south of Jerusalem. window.location.replace(""); 2. As Ronny Reich has shown in his seminal work, the majority of the stepped pools found in Judah during the Second Temple period and later should be identified as mikvahs. One of the eleven cities to the west of Hebron, in the highlands of Judah ( Joshua 15:49; Judg. Perhaps the aim was to separate between visitors having various degrees of impurity. Bible topic categories and verse references are from Nave's Topical Bible (1896) by Orville James Nave (1841–1917). The seal probably belonged to one of the officials of Hebron, maybe the one responsible for the fortification work. (hee' brahn) Place name and personal name meaning “association” or “league.”. ), the king of Judah. [2] For a general introduction, see Jeffrey R. Chadwick, “Discovering Hebron: The City of the Patriarchs Slowly Yields its Secrets” BAR 31.5 (2005): 24–33. A city in the south end of the valley of Eshcol, about midway between Jerusalem and Beersheba, from which it is distant about 20 miles in a straight line. [1] Editor’s note: For a redaction critical argument that this verse and its reference to Hebron are late addition to the story, see Zev Farber and Jacob L. Wright, “What Was Caleb the Kenizzite’s Connection to Hebron?” TheTorah.com (2016). Similar mikvaot with large closed spaces were found in the archaeological sites of Alon Shevut and Beer Ijda (“Sarah’s Bath”). Gen 13:18 . Hebron was an important administrative site during the late Iron Age, and this is reflected in the well-known LMLK (lamelech), “for the king,” seals stamped onhundreds of jar handles from the time Hezekiah. Hebron is significant in the Bible for a couple of reasons. Editor’s note: For a redaction critical approach to the origins of this Arba the giant tradition, see Zev Farber,“Kiryat-arba: The Father of Giants and the City of Four,” TheTorah.com (2016). Genesis 13:18. The prophet Micah foretold that Israel’s Messiah would be born in Bethlehem: “But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from of old, from ancient times” (Micah 5:2; Matthew 2:4–6). Genesis 23:2 - And Sarah died in Kirjatharba; the same [is] Hebron in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. Click the PLAY button below to hear how to pronounce Hebron . In Hebron, the western mikvah is a 24×14.5-foot rectangular pool carved in the natural rock, with fourteen wide and well-plastered steps leading to a small floored pool, over 10 feet deep. Hebron is mentioned in 10 of the 24 books of the BIble a total of. [4] Editor’s note: For some discussion of the Hethites/Hittites, see Yigal Levin, “Who Was Living in the Land when Abraham Arrived?” TheTorah.com (2013). The city was founded by Canaanites and was named Kiriath Arba. Hebron is first mentioned in Genesis 13:18 as a place where Abram (later known as Abraham) traveled after parting company with his nephew Lot. Hebron [N] [H] [S] a community; alliance. [18], In the Second Temple period, a standard mikvah consisted of a small stepped pool, in which Jews immersed, often daily, or when needed, to be clean of impurities. It still exists under the same name, and is one of the most ancient cities in the world. A monastery was eventually built on the top of the mound called Deir el-Arba’in (“the monastery of the forty”), which later Jewish tradition referred to as “Tomb of Ruth and Jesse.” During the early Islamic period the mound was only sporadically inhabited. At Hebron the Lord first showed Abram … Denkmäler", II, 76). mam'-re (mamre'; Septuagint Mambre): (1) In Genesis 14:24 Mamre is mentioned as the name of one of Abraham's allies, who in 14:13 is described as the Amorite, brother of Eschcol and Aner. This free audio Bible name pronunciation guide is a valuable tool in your study of God’s word. 2600–2200 BCE), the city was fortified with a massive twenty-foot thick city wall, which was exposed by Emanuel Eisenberg underneath the even more massive Middle Bronze Age city. As noted above, archaeology has demonstrated that Hebron is a very ancient city. The meaning of Hebron in the Bible (From Easton's Bible Dictionary) a community; alliance. TheTorah.com is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization.We rely on the support of readers like you. All of these references reflect the importance of Hebron at their authors’ time. [10], But what was Hebron like in the Iron Age, some 700–1000 years later, during the period in which the Hebrew Bible stories about Hebron were likely composed? Among his many publications are “Ritual Baths from the Second Temple Period at Hebron” (Judea and Samaria Resarch Studies), “Hebron: Still Jewish in Second Temple Times” (BAR), and Tel Hebron Excavations: Final Report (with Emanuel Eisenberg). Joshua 14:15 | View whole chapter | See verse in context And the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba; which Arba was a great man among the Anakims. These names mean "city of Arba" or " city of the four giants " (Strong's #H7153). In the proper name Hebron, the original sense may have been alliance. Joshua 10:4 Meaning. The Israelite Conquest of Jerusalem in the Bible: When and Who? Hebron, Chebron, a place in Palestine Hebrew: חֶבְרוֹן, ḥebrôn (H2275) 66 King James Bible Verses. “The Fortifications of Hebron in the Bronze Age (Jerusalem 2011),”Eretz Israel 30:14–32 [Hebrew]. Hebron is said to have been rounded before Zoan (i.e. Most scholars agree that Ur Kasdim was the Sumerian city Ur, today Tall al-Muqayyar (or Tall al-Mughair), about 200 miles (300 km) southeast of Baghdad in lower Mesopotamia. The city was destroyed in the Great Jewish Revolt then resettled until the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132–135 CE). A city in Palestine. Below are the English definition details. 5 Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped before Gibeon, and made war against it. [Hebrew]. When David became king of Israel Jehovah told him to go up to Hebron (II Sam. Hebron is one of the oldest cities in Israel. While, in principle the bathing could have been non-ritual as well, this is less likely since these installations appear almost exclusively during the Second Temple Period, in Judah and the Galilee, and they correlate well with the description of mikvaot in Rabbinic texts.[20]. 1. Considering his investment in these Jewish holy sites, it seems likely that Herod thought of Hebron as a Jewish city, although some have argued that the site was meant for his Idumean brethren. This prompted Abraham to buy the cave at Machpelah near Mamre from Ephron the Hethite as a burial site. Then Abram removed his tent, and came and dwelt in the plain of Mamre, which is in Hebron, and built there an altar unto the LORD. “Hebron,” NEAEHL (Jerusalem:Keter, 1993), 606–609. Bethlehem’s central importance in the Bible comes from its relationship to Jesus Christ. Many of the seals also carry a royal emblem of a two- or four-winged figure.[14]. Hebron was settled in the beginning of the 18th century BC. Read More » A Bond Sealed in Blood PrintOf the 24 students of the Slabodka yeshivah murdered in the Chevron massacre, eight of them were Americans. [7] Avi Ofer followed during the 1980’s, and Emanuel Eisenberg in 1999 exposed another segment of the same city wall on the northern side of the tell and, using pottery and scarabs from the related floors, securely dated it to the Middle Bronze Age II (1750–1550 BCE).[8]. [3] Editor’s note: For a different approach to the question of multiple names, see Jacob L. Wright and Zev Farber, “Kiryat-arba Is Hebron… But Is It?” TheTorah.com (2016). Later, in the story of Absalom’s rebellion, as an excuse to go to Hebron where he launches his rebellion against his father, Absalom claims that he needs to go to there to “pay his vow before YHWH” (2 Sam. Another cultic structure from this same period was constructed at Elonei Mamre (Oaks of Mamre) about three kms away from the Cave of the Patriarchs structure. A city of the tribe of Judah, south of Jerusalem, • Hoham, King Of, Confederated With Other Kings of the Canaanites Against Joshua, • The Conspirators Against Ish-Bosheth Hanged at, • Jews of the Babylonian Captivity Lived at, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The name Hebron is also very ancient. 1. The most famous Idumean convert was a man named Antipater, who became the advisor to the Jewish high priest and king, Hyrcanus (John Hyrcanus’ grandson). The name Hebron likely derives from the Hebrew root ח.ב.ר, meaning Abraham comes to mourn for her. // Javascript URL redirection All of the people who considered themselves Canaanites lived in the city. Adjacent to it was a glacis, a sloping rampart designed to make it difficult for enemies to climb the wall or attack it with battering rams. Due to the city’s close historical connection with Abraham, Hebron is intimately and importantly entwined with the religions of Islam, Christianity and Judaism. The book of 1 Maccabees (5:65) describes how Judah the Maccabee fought the Idumeans who occupied Hebron: Later, After the successful Maccabean revolt and the founding of Judea as an independent polity, Josephus writes (Ant. The town was constructed seven years prior to the building of Zoan, a city in Egypt. Historically, Hebron is one of the oldest cities in the world. DICTIONARY.COM The Bible states that Abraham was raised in “Ur of the Chaldeans” (Ur Kasdim). Several other MB sites in the central hills were fortified by similarly sized walls, as Jerusalem-the City of David, Shechem and Shiloh. Biblical Data: The name of the grove of trees is evidently considered as derived from this sheikh or chieftain. A city in the south end of the valley of Eshcol, about midway between Jerusalem and Beersheba, from which it is distant about 20 miles in a straight line. [13] See discussion in, Golub, Mitka R. “The Distribution of Personal Names in Israel and Transjordan during the Iron II,” JAOS 134.4 (2014): 621-642; ibid., “Ethnic Characteristics in Theophoric Personal Names Found in Archaeological Excavations in the Land of Israel during the First Temple Period,” Language Studies 16 (2015), 101-120 [Hebrew]. The city was owned by the sons of Heth. (1.) Some scholars have suggested that this cyclopean wall is the reason Hebron developed a reputation as a city originally built by (mythical) giants (Ê¿anaqim),[9] though other scholars have offered a more prosaic suggestion that that the original meaning of Ê¿anaq was not “giant” but a clan name, related to the Amorite clan yÊ¿nq mentioned in second millennium B.C.E. The lamelech seals were produced in one center in the Shephelah, and probably relate to an emergency tax collection taken by Hezekiah in preparation for the confrontation with the Assyrians, perhaps to supply emergency provisions to various districts. Oops! 14:13). Herod was part of the Judean royal family and was “king of the Jews” so he would naturally identify with his Jewish identity. “What Was Caleb the Kenizzite’s Connection to Hebron?”, “Who Was Living in the Land when Abraham Arrived?”, “Kiryat-arba: The Father of Giants and the City of Four,”, “Nehushtan the Copper Serpent: Its Origins and Fate,”, “On the Origins of Tevilah (Ritual Immersion, “Biblical Purification: Was It Immersion?”. [17] In any event, Herod’s treating the city as Jewish does not prove that the Idumean inhabitants thought of themselves as Jews. This page was last modified on September 15, 2017, at 4:13 AM. (During the Mamluk period the structure was renovated, enlarged, and the inside was constructed. Philipp Hammond was the first archaeologist to excavate Hebron, during the 1960’s. The eastern mikvah, about 40 feet to the west and better preserved, had a squarer open space, 21 × 18 feet in size and over nine feet deep, with thirteen steps going down. Among other things, two domestic houses were excavated on both sides of a street, as well as a pottery workshop, and some agricultural installations. It was built "seven years before Zoan in Egypt" ( Genesis 13:18 ; Numbers 13:22 ). Although it was sparsely resettled on and off until the Mamluk period, it was not to be resettled by Jews. [15], Above this cave sits a Roman Period temenos (cultic site), a large monument built of ashlar stone. It was named Kiriath-arba (Gen 23:2; Josh 14:15; 15:13). [16] Herod the Great was of Idumean descent. Tanis) in Egypt (Numbers 13:22); its ancient name was Kiriath-arba, probably meaning the "Four Cities," perhaps because divided at one time into four quarters, but according to Jewish writers so called because four patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and Adam were buried there. Joshua 10:5 Meaning. [11] For the site report on the excavation, see Emanuel Eisenberg and David Ben-Shlomo, eds., Tel Hebron 2014 Excavations: Final Report (Ariel: Ariel University, 2017). (Brügsch, "Geog. Considering that Hebron was an Idumean town, but that Idumea was ruled by Judah and the Idumeans had been converted to Judaism, was Hebron a Jewish town during the late Hellenistic and Roman periods? Large ritual baths (מקואות) – A number of Jewish ritual baths (. For a discussion of how the concept of mikvah developed, see Hayah Katz, “Biblical Purification: Was It Immersion?” TheTorah.com (2014), [20] Ronny Reich, Miqwa’ot (Jewish Ritual Baths) in the Second Temple, Mishnaic and Talmudic Periods (Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi, 2013). After a brief period of abandonment, the city was reoccupied by the Idumeans (biblical Edom), who, taking advantage of the absence of the Judeans, had begun to expand from southern Transjordan to the west and north, eventually reaching all the way up to Ashkelon-Beth Zur on the coast. 13:9) that the Hasmonean high priest John Hyrcanus, who ruled Judea, conquered the Idumeans and forcibly converted them to Judaism (c. 125 B.C.E.). Debir. The wall stood about 15 feet high in places, nearly 12 feet thick, but was probably originally at least double in height. Go to List of places in the Bible. © 2017 QuotesCosmos ● Home ● About ● Privacy ● Terms ● Principles ● Sitemap ● Contact, And I will execute great vengeance upon them, love the Lord your God with all your heart, 1. The Iron Age fortification area yielded a Hebrew seal with a picture of a grazing deer, underneath which it reads: According to the style of the letters as well as parallels for the name and decoration the seal should date to the late 8th or early 7th century B.C.E. Abraham lives in its vicinity and he buys a cave there from the sons of Heth to bury Sarah (Genesis 23). Please support us. Inschriften altägypt. Possibly the wall was built during the days of Hezekiah, who rebelled against Judah’s Assyrian overlord Sennacherib. The careful margin hueing and size of the immense stones (the structure is preserved up to 60 feet on top of the bedrock) is very similar to Herodian structures at the temple mount at Jerusalem, and thus Herod is believed to have been behind the building of this structure as well. By the time Judea was re-established in the Persian period, Hebron and its surroundings had already been assimilated into Idumea, which continued to dominate this region during the Hellenistic period as well. It shows what people tend to look for the most based on Google searches for each verse.[1]. by the Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar. MAMRE. Hebron is said to have been rounded before Zoan (i.e. An enforcement or supporting wall running along the outside of the entire city wall, fortified by a tower, was discovered. Our excavations at Tel Hebron during 2014 and 2017 revealed a domestic and industrial quarter dated to the Second Temple Period (from the Hasmonean period until the Bar-Kokhba revolt). Already in the Early Bronze Age III (ca. script>. Popularity rankings are based on search volume data from the Google AdWords Keyword Planner tool. [17] See Itzhak Magen, “Elonai Mamreh – Herodian Cult Site,” Qadmoniot 24 (1991): 46-45 [Hebrew]. The reason for the double separation, which can be seen in the above pictures, is not clear. What about the average Idumean in Hebron? From the style of construction, it is clear that it was built by King Herod the Great (37 B.C.E.-ca. He lived for a while in Harran, before settling near Hebron in Canaan. It appears under the form Cheburo on Egyptian monuments of the second milennium B.C. or later; the date was obtained from pottery and other finds from the fill of the enforcement walls. A city of the West Bank south-southwest of Jerusalem. [8] Emanuel Eisenberg. in archaeology from the Hebrew University and is Co-Director of the Tel Hebron and the Jordan Valley Excavation Projects. Nor do these structures fit any other function, such as wine presses or vats. a community; alliance. Something went wrong while submitting the form. The ancient city of Hebron, today called Al-Khalil in Arabic, was located approximately 20 miles south of present-day Jerusalem in the Judean valley. But why are these pools identified as Jewish ritual baths at all, rather than water reservoirs or other water related installations? [19] For more on Second Temple period mikvaot, see Yonatan Adler, “On the Origins of Tevilah (Ritual Immersion),” TheTorah.com (2017); David Ben-Shlomo, Ritual Baths from the Second Temple Period at Tel Hebron” Judea and Samaria Research Studies 26.1 (2017): 47-68 [Hebrew]. 3. pronoun. There is also a phonetic guide to use to see the proper pronunciation of Hebron . The second name is a hypocoristic theophoric name, in other words, a shortened form a theophoric (god-based) name with the divine element removed. The word "Hebron" itself is only used as a name of a place or a person in the Bible; it carries no deeper meaning, nor is it used in a symbolic fashion in the Scriptures. In the southern part of the tell, Hammond exposed portions of the cyclopean city wall,[6] which he dated to the Middle Bronze Age. [16] This is the only Herodian structure to survive intact into modern times. The Iron Age city of Hebron and its massive wall were destroyed in the early 6th century B.C.E. It was built "seven years before Zoan in Egypt" (Gen. 13:18; Num. [5] See also the list in Josh 15:54, and a later mentioning at Neh. Hebron was: Associated with the patriarchs Genesis 13:18 - Then Abram removed [his] tent, and came and dwelt in the plain of Mamre, which [is] in Hebron, and built there an altar unto the LORD. 15:7–12), implying there was a cultic site there. There are three different Hebrons in the Bible; one city and two men: The most famous Hebron is a city in Canaan, which was originally named Kiriath-arba (Genesis 23:2). [12] For a full discussion of this seal, see Daniel Vainstub and David Ben-Shlomo, “A Hebrew Seal and an Ostracon from TelHebron,” IEJ 66.2 (2016): 151-160. בְּרֵכָה בְּחֶבְרוֹן; 2 Sam. [7] Philip C. Hammond, “Hebron,” Revue Biblique 75 (1968): 253–258. [14] Editor’s note: For more on this emblem, see Richard Lederman, “Nehushtan the Copper Serpent: Its Origins and Fate,” TheTorah.com (2017). What Are Clay Female Figurines Doing in Judah during the Biblical Period? There is no other explanation for the well-smoothed rounded finishing of the plastering of the walls of the pool and the stairs, other than preventing the bathers from getting hurt when descending to be immersed, naked, and often in the dark. City of Arba, the original name of Hebron (q.v. oracle town; sanctuary. For the past two millennia, the Cave of Machpelah has been identified with what is now called the Cave of the Patriarchs (in Arabic: al-Ḥaram al-Ibrahimi or Ḥaram el-Khalil). All the tribes of Israel came to David at Hebron to … A city in the south end of the valley of Eshcol, about midway between Jerusalem and Beersheba, from which it is distant about 20 miles in a straight line. New excavations conducted by the author and Emanuel Eisenberg indicate that the massive fortification existed then as well, and that they were used and even reinforced during the First Temple period continuously, up until the last days of the kingdom of Judah in the early 6th century B.C.E.[11]. It basically means a “ community ” or “ alliance “. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overview-of-hebron “Hebron” is spelled chevron in Hebrew. Hebron definition, an ancient city of Palestine, formerly in west Jordan; occupied by Israel 1967–97; since 1997 mostly under Palestinian self-rule. Hebron was a town in the mountains of Judah, about 3000 feet above the Mediterranean Sea, and between Beersheba and Jerusalem, being about 20 miles from each. Tanis) in Egypt ; its ancient name was Kiriath-arba, probably meaning the "Four Cities," perhaps because divided at one time into four quarters, but according to Jewish writers so called because four patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and Adam were buried there.

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