does iran support hezbollah
"[272] Support for Hezbollah among the Syrian public has weakened since the involvement of Hezbollah and Iran in propping up the Assad regime during the civil war. ", "Man detained in Cyprus was planning attack on Israeli targets for Hezbollah", "PMO: Iran connected to Hezbollah activity in Cyprus", "Bulgaria blames Hezbollah in bomb attack on Israeli tourists,", "Israel unlikely to retaliate after Bulgaria report. It contributes to calming the region,” Hassan Nasrallah said in a speech broadcast on Lebanese television. [33], According to Michel Samaha, Lebanon's minister of information, Hezbollah is seen as "a legitimate resistance organization that has defended its land against an Israeli occupying force and has consistently stood up to the Israeli army". Hezbollah currently operates at least four hospitals, twelve clinics, twelve schools and two agricultural centres that provide farmers with technical assistance and training. Fajr-3 missiles have a range of 40 km (25 mi) and a 45-kg (99-lb) warhead, and Fajr-5 missiles, which extend to 72 km (45 mi), also hold 45-kg (99-lb) warheads. [405] The Netherlands regards Hezbollah as terrorist discussing it as such in official reports of their general intelligence and security service[406] and in official answers by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. [111][112][113] The group has been accused by American analysts of engaging in Holocaust denial. Nasrallah said that Hezbollah fighters have died in Syria doing their "jihadist duties". Iran is a top backer of Hezbollah. A cursory view of Hezbollah’s organizational structure demonstrates that the group’s political and military branches are indeed symbiotic and mutually reinforcing. Training Shia insurgents against US troops during the, On 25 July 1993, following Hezbollah's killing of seven Israeli soldiers in southern Lebanon, Israel launched. Al-Muhandis also observed that Hezbollah even “offered martyrs” on the Iraqi battlefield and even claimed Hezbollah’s presence in Iraq dated back to the 1980s, when its storied commanders Imad Mughniyeh and Mustafa Badreddine came to Iraq to train Shiites to fight Saddam Hussein. [374][27], Serbia, which recently designated Iran-backed Hezbollah entirely as a terrorist organization, fully implement measures to restrict Hezbollah's operations and financial activities. [419] This position has prompted criticism from anti-government Syrians. [172]:773 Hezbollah also collaborated with the Lebanese government in 2006 to detect Adeeb al-Alam, a former colonel, as an Israeli spy. [398][399][400][401], Argentine prosecutors hold Hezbollah and their financial supporters in Iran responsible for the 1994 AMIA Bombing of a Jewish cultural center, described by the Associated Press as "the worst terrorist attack on Argentine soil," in which "[e]ighty-five people were killed and more than 200 others injured. "Terrorism.". [45][46] Hezbollah also has support in some Christian areas of Lebanon. “In Lebanon there is one Hezbollah, named Hezbollah. In 1992, Israeli helicopters attacked a motorcade in southern Lebanon, killing the Hezbollah leader, On 3 December 2013, senior military commander, On 18 January 2015, a group of Hezbollah fighters was targeted in, On 10 May 2016, an explosion near Damascus International Airport killed top military commander, This page was last edited on 9 May 2021, at 11:30. Thisreen (Syrian newspaper) 21 June 1999, reprinted by MEMRI, Richard Augustus Norton – Hizbollah. [284] In 2018, Infobae reported that Hezbollah was operating in Colombia under the name Organization of External Security. "[121] After the death of Iran's first Supreme Leader, Khomeini, Hezbollah's governing bodies developed a more "independent role" and appealed to Iran less often. There is no replacement for experience, and it is not to be scoffed at. ", "Germany backs terror label for Hezbollah. Some of this is done through the innocuous cover of legitimate businesses and religious and social charities, as well as through its Islamic Resistance Support Association (IRSA). According to the report, three Hezbollah operatives arrived in Istanbul from Beirut to assassinate Kimchi. Another method Hezbollah used was growing its strength within certain areas of Lebanese consensus. The south of Syria is the graveyard of Hezbollah and Iran. Neither should its active participation in Lebanon’s politics be taken as an indication that it has accepted the Lebanese electoral system’s legitimacy. All of these organs – including the Jihadi Council responsible for Hezbollah’s armed activities and the Political Council – which controls its Loyalty to the Resistance parliamentary bloc – answer to the same leadership, that of the Shura Council, headed by Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah. Page 140, Third World Quarterly, Vol 14, No 2, 1993, reprinted at Al Mashriq, Reuters, 12 September 2006; Al-Hayat (London), 13 September 2006. Hezbollah's condemnation of murder of civilians in Egypt and Algeria is described in Saad-Ghorayeb, p. 101. [72][74] At the end of the Lebanese Civil War in 1990, despite the Taif Agreement asking for the "disbanding of all Lebanese and non-Lebanese militias," Syria, which controlled Lebanon at that time, allowed Hezbollah to maintain their arsenal and control Shia areas along the border with Israel. [182] Syria denied the reports. According to Hassan Nasrallah and Naim Qassem, this grassroots approach to creating an Islamic Lebanon remains the party’s approach to the present day. [172]:774 Also, the organization recruited IDF Lieutenant Colonel Omar al-Heib, who was convicted in 2006 of conducting surveillance for Hezbollah. As long as there is money in Iran, then we’ll have money.” It is difficult to know how much Iran provides Hezbollah annually, with estimates ranging from $100 to $200 million per year in cash outlays alone according to U.S. intelligence estimates, to $800 million annually according to IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eizenkott. The United Kingdom listed Hezbollah's military wing as a terrorist organization[347] until May 2019 when the entire organisation was proscribed,[348] and the United States[349] lists the entire group as such. [192], Israeli military officials and analysts have also drawn attention to the experience and weaponry the group would have gained from the involvement of thousands of its fighters in the Syrian Civil War. Does any of this have ongoing relevance? [198] The Lebanese cabinet, under president Michel Suleiman and Prime Minister Fouad Siniora, guidelines state that Hezbollah enjoys the right to "liberate occupied lands. The principal parties were Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israeli military. [262] General Secretary Nasrallah denied Hezbollah had been fighting on behalf of the Syrian government, stating in a 12 October 2012, speech that "right from the start the Syrian opposition has been telling the media that Hizbullah sent 3,000 fighters to Syria, which we have denied". ", "Saudi religious leader blasts Hizbullah", "Poll finds support for Hizbullah's retaliation", "Israeli strikes may boost Hizbullah base", "What led to the rapid increased popularity of Hezbollah in Lebanon", Muslims offer mixed views on Hamas, Hezbollah, reject al Qaeda, "Sunni Cleric Rises To Challenge Hezbollah In Lebanon", "In Break, Hamas Supports Syrian Opposition", "Hezbollah's Military and Politics: Any Difference? They also signal complete coordination in Iran’s foreign policy. Several countries and transnational bodies distinguish between the so-called military and political wings of Hezbollah – proscribing only the former. [28] Russia does not view Hezbollah as a "terrorist organization" but as a "legitimate socio-political force". Its military strength has grown so significantly since 2006[36][37] that its paramilitary wing is considered more powerful than the Lebanese Army. Notions of Hezbollah’s “Lebanonization,” – i.e. [241] The conflict is believed to have killed 1,191–1,300 Lebanese citizens including combatants[242][243][244][245][246] and 165 Israelis including soldiers. Hezbollah’s more militant, anti-Israel stance led to bloody clashes with Amal from 1985 to 1989. "[81][82][83][84][85] Hezbollah reportedly also used another name, "Islamic Resistance" (al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya), for attacks against Israel.[86]. [440] Shortly before a speech by Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, U.S. Iran exploited the chaos of Lebanon’s Civil War and the subsequent 1982 Israeli invasion to catalyze the rise of Hezbollah. The Zaydi Shiite Houthis are not a proper Iranian proxy, and they neither share Hezbollah’s religious nor Wilayat al-Faqih orientation. [323] A poll in August 2006 by ABC News and the Washington Post found that 68% of the 1,002 Americans polled blamed Hezbollah, at least in part, for the civilian casualties in Lebanon during the 2006 Lebanon War, compared to 31% who blamed Israel to some degree. [194], Hezbollah has a military branch known as the Jihad Council,[26] one component of which is Al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya ("The Islamic Resistance"), and is the possible sponsor of a number of lesser-known militant groups, some of which may be little more than fronts for Hezbollah itself, including the Organization of the Oppressed, the Revolutionary Justice Organization, the Organization of Right Against Wrong, and Followers of the Prophet Muhammad. By 2011, Hezbollah counterintelligence began to use software to analyze cellphone data and detect espionage; suspicious callers were then subjected to conventional surveillance. It is a national movement of resistance."[444]. ", "Lebanon's Hezbollah savors increasing legitimacy. The most important thing is that Bashar (al-Assad) remained in power regardless the collapse of the country.” Nestling itself in areas of Lebanese consensus, Hezbollah will continue to try and grow its political, military, and social power. The Dubai-based Gulf Research Centre estimated that Hezbollah's armed wing comprises 1,000 full-time Hezbollah members, along with a further 6,000–10,000 volunteers. [149], On 7 May 2008, Lebanon's 17-month-long political crisis spiraled out of control. "Terrorist Television Hezbollah has a worldwide reach", "ADL Welcomes U.S. Designating Hezbollah's Al-Manar TV Station a Terrorist Organization: Calls On U.S. To Take Further Actions. This state-sponsorship has proven critical to the quality of Hezbollah’s fighting capabilities, and to its regional and global reach. ... We are an ummah linked to the Muslims of the whole world by the solid doctrinal and religious connection of Islam, whose message God wanted to be fulfilled by the Seal of the Prophets, i.e., Prophet Muhammad. "[271] Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi condemned Hezbollah by saying, "We stand against Hezbollah in its aggression against the Syrian people. ", "LEBANON: The many hands and faces of Hezbollah", "Iranian official admits Tehran supplied missiles to Hezbollah", "The Role of Transnational Communmities in Fostering Development in Countries of Origin. Hezbollah leader backs Iran talks with US, Saudi Arabia. '", "Hezbollah presses school into pulling Anne Frank", "Anne Frank diary offends Lebanon's Hezbollah. [281] In 2013, Hezbollah was accused of infiltrating South America and having ties with Latin American drug cartels. Hezbollah has been involved in several cases of armed conflict with Israel: Between 1982 and 1986, there were 36 suicide attacks in Lebanon directed against American, French and Israeli forces by 41 individuals, killing 659. "[51], Gebran Tueni, a late conservative Orthodox Christian editor of an-Nahar, referred to Hezbollah as an "Iranian import" and said "they have nothing to do with Arab civilization." Both Iran and Syria's support increased after the 2006 Lebanon War, with Iran's support increasing more. Senior officials from Hezbollah warned that they would not hesitate to use weapons to defend Lebanon's natural resources. [422], A day before the move by the Arab League, Hezbollah leader Nasrallah said that "Saudi Arabia is angry with Hezbollah since it is daring to say what only a few others dare to say against its royal family". [160], Hezbollah's television station Al-Manar airs programming designed to inspire suicide attacks in Gaza, the West Bank, and Iraq. In turn, the Majlis al-Shura and these seven committees were replicated in each of Hizballah's three main operational areas (the Beqaa, Beirut, and the South). [172]:774, Hezbollah's counterintelligence apparatus also uses electronic surveillance and intercept technologies. However, by the time Israel withdrew from Lebanon in May 2000, the group had simply become too powerful to disarm or control. [258], On 30 June 2011, the Special Tribunal for Lebanon, established to investigate the death of Hariri, issued arrest warrants against four senior members of Hezbollah, including Mustafa Badr Al Din. In line with Khomeini’s imperative to export the Islamic Revolution, Iran viewed the rise of Hezbollah as an opportunity to extend its influence to Lebanon and the Levant. [276], Hezbollah operations in South America began in the late 20th century, centered around the Arab population which had moved there following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the 1985 Lebanese Civil War. [127][141] One of its established institutions, Jihad Al Binna's Reconstruction Campaign, is responsible for numerous economic and infrastructure development projects in Lebanon. Western sources maintain that Hezbollah actually receives most of its financial, training, weapons, explosives, political, diplomatic, and organizational aid from Iran and Syria. [146] It holds 14 of the 128 seats in the Parliament of Lebanon and is a member of the Resistance and Development Bloc. Various sources list the official formation of the group as early as 1982[60][61][62][63] whereas Diaz and Newman maintain that Hezbollah remained an amalgamation of various violent Shi'a extremists until as late as 1985. Syria has denied supplying these weapons and views these claims as an Israeli excuse for an attack. Nasrallah has similarly mocked Lebanon’s inability to resolve its garbage crisis or hold efficient elections during peacetime, comparing it unfavorably to the system in Iran. a process of moderation transforming the Party of God into a political party owning ultimate loyalty to Lebanon – should be discounted. "Country Report—Lebanon," The Economist Intelligence Unit, no. [172]:773–774 The organization also includes a military security component, as well as an External Security Organization (al-Amn al-Khariji or Unit 910) that operates covertly outside Lebanon. However, Hezbollah and Lebanon still have not become one indistinguishable entity. [421] Saudi delegation walked out of the meeting. In Lebanon, although not universally well-liked, Hezbollah is widely seen as a legitimate national resistance organization defending Lebanon, and actually described by the Lebanese information minister as an important ally in fighting terrorist groups. [77], In 1997 Hezbollah formed the multi-confessional Lebanese Brigades to Fighting the Israeli Occupation in an attempt to revive national and secular resistance against Israel, thereby marking the "Lebanonisation" of resistance. [186] One of the most effective weapons deployed by Hezbollah has been the C-802 anti-ship missile. [189], As of 2017[update], the Israeli government believe Hezbollah had an arsenal of nearly 150,000 rockets stationed on its border with Lebanon. [136][137], As of 2018, Iranian monetary support for Hezbollah is estimated at $700 million per annum according to US estimates. Its alliance with FPM – and the Amal Movement – paid off after Lebanon’s May 2018 parliamentary elections. At Tehran’s behest, the group created Unit 3800 in 2003 to train and assist Iraqi Shiite militias fighting against US and multinational forces. While Hezbollah was the strategic ally of Iran, Amal was heavily tied to the Assad regime in Syria. "[143] In July 2006, during the war with Israel, when there was no running water in Beirut, Hezbollah was arranging supplies around the city. [33], American and Israeli counter-terrorism officials claim that Hezbollah has (or had) links to Al Qaeda, although Hezbollah's leaders deny these allegations. How Hezbollah runs its “state within a state", Four decades of political and military milestones, Analyses of and resources on critical developments, A transnational Shiite Islamist group based in Lebanon. [165][166], Materials aimed at instilling principles of nationalism and Islam in children are an aspect of Hezbollah's media operations. This, in short, is Hezbollah.” He added that all of Hezbollah’s resources, “including leadership, members, and different capabilities, is in the service of the resistance and supporting the resistance, and we have nothing but resistance as our priority – from the leadership of Hezbollah down to its last mujahid.”. Hezbollah is ultimately linked to the Islamic Republic of Iran, and is perhaps its most successful creation. [352] In April 2020 Germany designated the organization - including its political wing - as a terrorist organization, and banned any activity in support of Hezbollah.[353]. The ideology has since evolved, and today Hezbollah is a left-wing political entity focused on social injustice. These weapons have been used against IDF soldiers, causing many of the deaths during the 2006 Lebanon War. [426], In August 2008, Lebanon's cabinet completed a policy statement which recognized "the right of Lebanon's people, army, and resistance to liberate the Israeli-occupied Shebaa Farms, Kafar Shuba Hills, and the Lebanese section of Ghajar village, and defend the country using all legal and possible means. Particularly since the rise of ISIS in 2014, these groups spawned a seemingly endless list of Khomeinist Iraqi militias, most of which have now joined Iraq’s Popular Mobilization Forces. [168] In 2012, Al-Manar aired a television special praising an 8-year-old boy who raised money for Hezbollah and said: "When I grow up, I will be a communist resistance warrior with Hezbollah, fighting the United States and Israel, I will tear them to pieces and drive them out of Lebanon, the Golan and Palestine, which I love very dearly. Hezbollah along with Amal is one of two major political parties in Lebanon that represent Shiite Muslims.
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